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Routing TCP IP Volume II CCIE Professional Development
Routing TCP/IP, Volume II (CCIE Professional Development)
Table of Contents
Copyright
About the Authors
About the Technical Reviewers
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Icons Used in This Book
Command Syntax Conventions
Part I: Exterior Gateway Protocols
Chapter 1. Exterior Gateway Protocol
The Origins of EGP
Operation of EGP
Shortcomings of EGP
Configuring EGP
Troubleshooting EGP
Looking Ahead
Review Questions
Configuration Exercises
Troubleshooting Exercise
End Notes
Chapter 2. Introduction to Border Gateway Protocol 4
Classless Interdomain Routing
Who Needs BGP?
BGP Basics
IBGP and IGP Synchronization
Managing Large-Scale BGP Peering
BGP Message Formats
Looking Ahead
Recommended Reading
Review Questions
End Notes
Chapter 3. Configuring and Troubleshooting Border Gateway Protocol 4
Basic BGP Configuration
Managing BGP Connections
Routing Policies
Large-Scale BGP
Looking Ahead
Recommended Reading
Command Summary
Configuration Exercises
Troubleshooting Exercises
Part II: Advanced IP Routing Issues
Chapter 4. Network Address Translation
Operation of NAT
NAT Issues
Configuring NAT
Troubleshooting NAT
Looking Ahead
Command Summary
Configuration Exercises
Troubleshooting Exercises
End Note
Chapter 5. Introduction to IP Multicast Routing
Requirements for IP Multicast
Multicast Routing Issues
Operation of the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP)
Operation of Multicast OSPF (MOSPF)
Operation of Core-Based Trees (CBT)
Introduction to Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast, Dense Mode (PIM-DM)
Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast, Sparse Mode (PIM-SM)
Looking Ahead
Recommended Reading
Command Summary
Review Questions
End Notes
Chapter 6. Configuring and Troubleshooting IP Multicast Routing
Configuring IP Multicast Routing
Troubleshooting IP Multicast Routing
Looking Ahead
Configuration Exercises
Troubleshooting Exercises
Chapter 7. Large-Scale IP Multicast Routing
Multicast Scoping
Case Study: Multicasting Across Non-Multicast Domains
Connecting to DVMRP Networks
Inter-AS Multicasting
Case Study: Configuring MBGP
Case Study: Configuring MSDP
Case Study: MSDP Mesh Groups
Case Study: Anycast RP
Case Study: MSDP Default Peers
Command Summary
Looking Ahead
Review Questions
End Notes
Chapter 8. IP Version 6
Design Goals of IPv6
Current State of IPv6
IPv6 Packet Format
IPv6 Functionality
Transition from IPv4 to IPv6
Looking Ahead
Recommended Reading
Review Questions
Chapter Bibliography
End Notes
Chapter 9. Router Management
Policies and Procedure Definition
Simple Network Management Protocol
RMON
Logging
Syslog
Network Time Protocol
Accounting
Configuration Management
Fault Management
Performance Management
Security Management
Designing Servers to Support Management Processes
Network Robustness
Lab
Recommended Reading
Looking Ahead
Command Summary
Review Questions
Configuration Exercises
Bibliography
End Notes
Part III: Appendixes
Appendix A. The show ip bgp neighbors Display
Appendix B. A Regular-Expression Tutorial
Literals and Metacharacters
Delineation: Matching the Start and End of Lines
Bracketing: Matching a Set of Characters
Negating: Matching Everything Except a Set of Characters
Wildcard: Matching Any Single Character
Alternation: Matching One of a Set of Characters
Optional Characters: Matching a Character That May or May Not Be There
Repetition: Matching a Number of Repeating Characters
Boundaries: Delineating Literals
Putting It All Together: A Complex Example
Recommended Reading
Appendix C. Reserved Multicast Addresses
Internet Multicast Addresses
References
People
Appendix D. Answers to Review Questions
Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions
Answers to Chapter 2 Review Questions
Answers to Chapter 5 Review Questions
Answers to Chapter 7 Review Questions
Answers to Chapter 8 Review Questions
Answers to Chapter 9 Review Questions
Appendix E. Answers to Configuration Exercises
Answers to Chapter 1 Configuration Exercises
Answers to Chapter 3 Configuration Exercises
Answers to Chapter 4 Configuration Exercises
Answers to Chapter 6 Configuration Exercises
Answers to Chapter 9 Configuration Exercises
Appendix F. Answers to Troubleshooting Exercises
Answer to Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Exercise
Answers to Chapter 3 Troubleshooting Exercises
Answers to Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Exercises
Answers to Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Exercises
Index
index_SYMBOL
index_A
index_B
index_C
index_D
index_E
index_F
index_G
index_H
index_I
index_J
index_K
index_L
index_M
index_N
index_O
index_P
index_Q
index_R
index_S
index_T
index_U
index_V
index_W
 

Command Summary

Table 3-3 provides a list and description of the commands discussed in this chapter.

Table 3-3. Command Summary
Command Description
aggregate-address address mask [as-set] [summary-only] [suppress-map map-name] [advertise-map map-name] [attribute-map map-name] Creates an aggregate entry in the BGP routing table.
auto-summary Enables the automatic summarization of subnets to their major network addresses.
bgp always-compare-med Allows the comparison of MED attributes of routes to the same destination but advertised by peers in different autonomous systems.
bgp bestpath as-path ignore Tells the BGP process to ignore the AS_PATH length in the BGP decision process.
bgp bestpath med confed Enables the comparison of MED attributes of routes advertised by confederation EBGP peers.
bgp client-to-client reflection Enables route reflection between IBGP peers.
bgp cluster-id cluster-id Sets the cluster ID of a BGP route reflection cluster.
bgp confederation identifier autonomous-system Specifies the confederation ID (the AS number seen by confederation-exterior peers).
bgp confederation peers autonomous-system [autonomous-system] Lists the member autonomous systems of a router's confederation EBGP peers.
bgp dampening [half-life reuse suppress max-suppress-time] [route-map map] Enables route dampening and changes route dampening defaults.
bgp default local-preference value Changes the default LOCAL_PREF value from 100.
bgp deterministic-med Enables the comparison of the MED attributes of routes advertised by confederation EBGP peers in the same neighboring member AS.
bgp log-neighbor-changes Enables logging of neighbor resets.
clear ip bgp {*|address|peer-group-name} [soft [in | out]] Resets one or more BGP peer connections.
clear ip bgp dampening [address mask] Clears BGP dampening information and unsuppresses suppressed routes.
clear ip bgp flap-statistics [{regexp regexp}]|{filter-list list}|{address mask} Clears BGP flap statistics.
clear ip bgp peer-group peer-group-name Removes all members of a peer group.
default-information originate Causes a router to advertise the default address 0.0.0.0 to its BGP peers.
default-metric number Sets the default metric (MED) that a BGP router adds to the routes advertised to EBGP peers.
distance bgp external-distance internal-distance local-distance Changes the default administrative distances of BGP routes.
ip as-path access-list access-list-number {permit | deny} regexp Defines an access list that examines the AS_PATH attributes of BGP routes.
ip bgp-community new-format Displays community attributes in the AA:NN format.
ip community-list community-list-number {permit | deny} community-number Defines an access list that identifies BGP routes by their COMMUNITY attributes.
ip prefix-list prefix-list-name [seq sequence-number]{permit|deny} {ip\_prefix/length}[ge | le]min/max-length Defines an access list that examines the NLRI prefix and length advertised in a route.
match as-path path-list-number Creates a call to an AS_PATH access list.
match community-list community-list-number [exact] Creates a call to a COMMUNITY access list.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} advertisement-interval seconds Changes the default minimum advertisement interval for routing updates to BGP peers.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} default-originate [route-map map-name] Causes a router to advertise the default address 0.0.0.0 to the specified neighbor or peer group.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} description text Associates a descriptive text string with a neighbor's configuration.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} distribute-list {access-list-number | prefix-list prefix-list-name} {in | out} Filters routes to or from a neighbor or peer group by NLRI.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} ebgp-multihop hops Changes the default TTL of packets carrying BGP messages to neighbors.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} filter-list access-list-number {in | out | weight weight} Filters incoming or outgoing BGP routes by AS_PATH, or sets the weight of incoming routes.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} maximum-prefix maximum [threshold][warning-only] Sets a maximum number of NLRI prefixes that can be advertised by a neighbor or peer group.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} next-hop-self Causes a BGP router to advertise its own address as the NEXT_HOP attribute of EBGP-learned routes advertised to IBGP peers.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} password string Enables MD5 authentication between peers.
neighbor ip-address peer-group peer-group-name Assigns a neighbor to a peer group.
neighbor peer-group-name peer-group Creates a peer group.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} prefix-list prefix-list-name {in|out} Filters routes to or from a neighbor based on NLRI as identified by a prefix list.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remote-as as-number Adds a neighbor to the BGP neighbor table and identifies the neighbor as EBGP or IBGP.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} route-map map-name {in|out} References a route map for setting policy for routes to or from a neighbor or peer group.
neighbor ip-address route-reflector-client Configures a router as a route reflector and identifies a neighbor as a route reflection client.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} send-community Identifies a neighbor to which COMMUNITY attributes are to be sent.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} shutdown Disables a neighbor or peer group.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} soft-reconfiguration inbound Enables the router to store incoming, unmodified updates from a neighbor for inbound soft reconfiguration.
neighbor {ip-address|peer-group-name} timers keepalive holdtime Changes the default keepalive and holdtime intervals for a neighbor.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} update-source interface Identifies the interface IP address from which IBGP updates are to be sourced.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} version version Sets the BGP process to a single version.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} weight weight Assigns a weight to routes received from a neighbor.
network network-number [mask network-mask] Specifies a network to be advertised by the BGP process.
network network-address backdoor Sets the administrative distance of the specified EBGP route to 200 and disables EBGP advertisement of the route.
network address mask weight weight [route-map map-name] Assigns a weight to the route to the identified destination.
router bgp autonomous-system Enables a BGP process on a router and specifies the local AS number.
set as-path {tag | prepend as-path-string} Sets the AS_PATH of an identified route to the redistributed tag, or prepends the AS_PATH with a specified string of one or more AS numbers.
set comm-list community-list-number delete Removes the community attributes identified by the called community list from an identified route.
set community {community-number [additive]} | none Sets a community attribute in an identified route.
set dampening half-life reuse suppress max-suppress-time Changes the default dampening factors for an identified route.
set metric-type internal Sets the value of an identified route's MED attribute to match the IGP metric of the next hop.
set origin {igp | egp autonomous-system | incomplete} Changes the ORIGIN attribute of an identified route.
set weight weight Sets the weight of an identified route.
show ip bgp [network][network-mask][longer-prefixes] Displays entries in the BGP table.
show ip bgp cidr-only Displays entries in the BGP table with non-natural (classless) network masks.
show ip bgp community {community-name | community-number} [exact] Displays entries in the BGP table with the specified community attribute.
show ip bgp community-list community-list-number [exact] Displays entries in the BGP table that are permitted by the specified community list.
show ip bgp dampened-paths Displays dampened (suppressed) paths.
show ip bgp filter-list access-list-number Displays entries in the BGP table that match the specified access list.
show ip bgp flap-statistics [{regexp regexp} | {filter-list list-number} | {address mask [longer-prefix]}] Displays the flap statistics of one or more entries in the BGP table.
show ip bgp inconsistent-as Displays any entries in the BGP table with multiple paths to the same destination but with inconsistent AS_PATH attributes.
show ip bgp neighbors [address][received-routes | routes | advertised-routes | {paths regex} | dampened-routes] Displays information about the TCP and BGP connections to neighbors.
show ip bgp paths Displays all BGP paths in the database.
show ip bgp peer-group [peer-group-name][summary] Displays information about characteristics shared by a peer group.
show ip bgp regexp regexp Displays entries in the BGP table whose AS_PATH attributes match the specified regular expression.
show ip bgp summary Displays summary information about all BGP connections.
synchronization Enables synchronization between BGP and the local IGP.
table-map route-map-name Enables a call to a route map to modify the metric or tag values of a route being entered into the IGP routing table.
timers bgp keepalive holdtime Changes the default keepalive and holdtime intervals for the entire BGP process.